W.R.E. 804

(a) Definition of unavailability. — ‘‘Unavailability as a witness’’ includes situations

in which the declarant:

(1) Is exempted by ruling of the court on the ground of privilege from testifying

concerning the subject matter of his statement; or

(2) Persists in refusing to testify concerning the subject matter of his statement

despite an order of the court to do so; or

(3) Testifies to a lack of memory of the subject matter of his statement; or

(4) Is unable to be present or to testify at the hearing because of death or

then-existing physical or mental illness or infirmity; or

(5) Is absent from the hearing and the proponent of his statement has been

unable to procure his attendance by process or other reasonable means.

A declarant is not unavailable as a witness if his exemption, refusal, claim of

lack of memory, inability, or absence is due to the procurement or wrongdoing

of the proponent of his statement for the purpose of preventing the witness

from attending or testifying.

(b) Hearsay exceptions. — The following are not excluded by the hearsay rule if the

declarant is unavailable as a witness:

(1) Former Testimony. — Testimony given as a witness at another hearing of the

same or a different proceeding, or in a deposition taken in compliance with law in

the course of the same or another proceeding, if the party against whom the

testimony is now offered, or, in a civil action or proceeding, a predecessor in

interest, had an opportunity and similar motive to develop the testimony by direct,

cross, or redirect examination;

(2) Statement Under Belief of Impending Death. — In a prosecution for homicide

or in a civil action or proceeding, a statement made by a declarant while believing

that his death was imminent, concerning the cause or circumstances of what he

believed to be his impending death;

(3) Statement Against Interest. — A statement which was at the time of its

making so far contrary to the declarant’s pecuniary or proprietary interest, or so far

tended to subject him to civil or criminal liability, or to render invalid a claim by

him against another, that a reasonable man in his position would not have made

the statement unless he believed it to be true. A statement tending to expose the

declarant to criminal liability and offered to exculpate the accused is not admissible

unless corroborating circumstances clearly indicate the trustworthiness of the

statement;

(4) Statement of Personal or Family History. — (A) A statement concerning the

declarant’s own birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, legitimacy, relationship by

blood, adoption, or marriage, ancestry, or other similar fact of personal or family

history, even though declarant had no means of acquiring personal knowledge of

the matter stated; or (B) a statement concerning the foregoing matters, and death

also, of another person, if the declarant was related to the other by blood, adoption,

or marriage or was so intimately associated with the other’s family as to be likely

to have accurate information concerning the matter declared;

(5) Statement of Recent Perception. — In a civil action or proceeding, a

statement, not in response to the instigation of a person engaged in investigating,

litigating, or settling a claim, which narrates, describes, or explains an event or

condition recently perceived by the declarant, made in good faith, not in contemplation of pending or anticipated litigation in which he was interested, and while

his recollection was clear;

(6) Other Exceptions. — A statement not specifically covered by any of the

foregoing exceptions but having equivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness, if the court determines that (A) the statement is offered as evidence of a

material fact; (B) the statement is more probative on the point for which it is offered

than any other evidence which the proponent can procure through reasonable

efforts; and (C) the general purposes of these rules and the interests of justice will

best be served by admission of the statement into evidence. However, a statement

may not be admitted under this exception unless the proponent of it makes known

to the adverse party sufficiently in advance of the trial or hearing to provide the

adverse party with a fair opportunity to prepare to meet it, his intention to offer the

statement and the particulars of it, including the name and address of the

declarant.

(7) Forfeiture by wrongdoing. — A statement offered against a party that has

engaged or acquiesced in wrongdoing that was intended to, and did, procure the

unavailability of the declarant as a witness. The proponent shall give pretrial

notice of intent to use such evidence, similar to notice required by W.R.E. 404(b).