Wis JI-Civil 4015

Question inquires whether ratified the previously unauthorized acts of

.

A person for whom another assumes or purports to act as his or her agent (a principal

for whom his or her agent acted beyond his or her authority) may ratify, give effect to, and

render binding upon himself or herself any act or transaction not previously authorized, by

affirming the conduct of his or her (purported) agent.

A principal affirms the unauthorized acts of his or her agent if he or she indicates by

his or her words or acts that he or she accepts and treats the conduct of his or her agent as

authorized.

The ratification of an unauthorized act or transaction of a(n) (purported) agent must be

based on the principal's knowledge of all of the material facts involved in the conduct of his

or her (purported) agent.

Ratification can only be effected by one who has the power and the competency to

accomplish it, and it must involve conduct which is capable of being ratified.

Ratification must relate to the entire act or transaction and not only to a part or parts

thereof, since one may not make available to himself or herself the fruits and benefits of an

act or transaction and avoid or reject their burdens and obligations.

You will carefully consider and weigh the credible evidence and the reasonable

inferences from the evidence bearing on this inquiry, and, if you are satisfied that an

unauthorized act or transaction of was ratified and affirmed by, under the rules

which I have just stated, you will answer the question "yes"; otherwise you will answer it

"no."