VA · rules
Va. R. Evid. 2:1004
Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents
The original is not required, and other evidence of the contents of a writing is admissible if:
(a) Originals lost or destroyed. All originals are lost or have been destroyed, unless the
proponent lost or destroyed them in bad faith; or
(b) Original not obtainable. No original can be obtained by any available judicial process or
procedure, unless the proponent acted in bad faith to render the original unavailable; or
(c) Original in possession of opponent. At a time when an original was under the control of
the party against whom offered, that party was put on notice, by the pleadings or otherwise, that
the contents would be a subject of proof at the hearing, and that party does not produce the
original at the hearing; or
(d) Collateral matters. The writing is not closely related to a controlling issue.
History
Adopted and promulgated by Order dated June 1, 2012; effective July 1, 2012.
Provenance
- Source
- www.vacourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-15
- Edition
- 2026-09-15
- Content hash
58fe3afec965652990faf3ea16eee9b1cbb0103a490ef2af76c06cc9cc5a13ae
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