VA · jury_instructions
Va. Model Jury Instr. Crim. No. 4.500
Violation of Custody/Visitation Order Within the Commonwealth
The defendant is charged with the crime of withholding a child from the child’s parent or legal
guardian in violation of a court order. The Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable doubt
each of the following elements of that crime:
(1) That the defendant withheld (name of child) from (name of parent or legal guardian); and
(2) That the defendant did so knowingly, wrongfully and intentionally; and
(3) That the defendant did so in a clear and significant violation of a court order respecting the
custody or visitation of such child.
If you find from the evidence that the Commonwealth has proved beyond a reasonable doubt
each of the above elements of the crime as charged, then you shall find the defendant guilty [and
fix his punishment at a fine of a specific amount, but not more than $500].
If you find that the Commonwealth has failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt any one or
more of the elements of the crime, then you shall find the defendant not guilty.
History
Virginia Model Jury Instructions – Criminal, Release 26, October 2025. The unannotated set, posted by the Supreme Court of Virginia at vacourts.gov; the book states that it is made available with the permission of the publisher, Matthew Bender & Company, Inc.
Provenance
- Source
- vacourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-10-11
- Edition
- crim-2025-10-01
- Content hash
81d35ea195b9156a271262c740286a300da84566b07411332c47c1056d523e68
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