VA · jury_instructions
Va. Model Jury Instr. Crim. No. 3.600
Misdemeanors
Every person who is present at the commission of a misdemeanor, aiding the act by words,
gestures, signals, or actions, is liable for the same punishment as if he actually committed the
crime. Presence and consent alone are not sufficient. It must be shown that the defendant intended
his words, gestures, signals, or actions to in some way aid the person committing the crime to
commit it.
Presence includes being at some convenient distance from the actual place of commission of the
crime, if the defendant at such distance was in fact aiding the act by words, gestures, signals, or
actions.
History
Virginia Model Jury Instructions – Criminal, Release 26, October 2025. The unannotated set, posted by the Supreme Court of Virginia at vacourts.gov; the book states that it is made available with the permission of the publisher, Matthew Bender & Company, Inc.
Provenance
- Source
- vacourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-10-11
- Edition
- crim-2025-10-01
- Content hash
592bb951af45d6fee07f7f00c3c106260bc84eab3cf40424a27c4972eab9b62b
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