VA · jury_instructions
Va. Model Jury Instr. Civ. No. 42.040
Ratification by Client
A client ratifies [an unauthorized act of his attorney; an act that was beyond the attorney’s express or
implied authority at the time he did it] if the client, after receiving full knowledge of all material
facts about his attorney’s act, either:
(1) speaks or acts in such a way as to accept the attorney’s act as binding him; or
(2) fails promptly to disavow the attorney’s act within a reasonable time after he knows about it;
or
(3) accepts the benefits of the attorney’s act.
If a client ratifies an unauthorized act of his attorney, then that act is binding upon him.
History
Virginia Model Jury Instructions – Civil, Release 26, April 2026. The unannotated set, posted by the Supreme Court of Virginia at vacourts.gov; the book states that it is made available with the permission of the publisher, Matthew Bender & Company, Inc.
Provenance
- Source
- vacourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-10-11
- Edition
- civ-2026-04-01
- Content hash
a930c3eccedf81eb6bded8c84199f4f1c66f5a6009df642d54be890fd7cef8e7
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