VA · jury_instructions
Va. Model Jury Instr. Civ. No. 37.110
Punitive Damages (Defamatory Per Se)
Once you have found by clear and convincing evidence that a defendant made the statements
knowing they were false or made them so recklessly as to amount to a willful disregard for the
truth, that is, with a high degree of awareness that the statement was probably false, then you
may award punitive damages to punish that defendant for such actions and to serve as an example
to prevent others from making such statements in the future.
You must state separately in your verdict any amount you allow as compensatory damages, if
any, and the amount you allow as punitive damages.
History
Virginia Model Jury Instructions – Civil, Release 26, April 2026. The unannotated set, posted by the Supreme Court of Virginia at vacourts.gov; the book states that it is made available with the permission of the publisher, Matthew Bender & Company, Inc.
Provenance
- Source
- vacourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-10-11
- Edition
- civ-2026-04-01
- Content hash
563542f3bad91a5b0ae9d3efaec8d9beb660338fc995577494e2de242c850281
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