VA · jury_instructions
Va. Model Jury Instr. Civ. No. 33.100
Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress: Finding Instruction
You shall find your verdict for the plaintiff if he proved:
(1) by the greater weight of the evidence that the defendant was negligent; and
(2) by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant’s negligence was a proximate cause of
[emotional distress; fright; shock] which naturally resulted in a physical injury.
You shall find your verdict for the defendant:
(1) if the plaintiff failed to prove either or both of the two elements above; or
(2) if you find by the greater weight of the evidence that the plaintiff was negligent and that his
negligence was a proximate cause of this injury.
History
Virginia Model Jury Instructions – Civil, Release 26, April 2026. The unannotated set, posted by the Supreme Court of Virginia at vacourts.gov; the book states that it is made available with the permission of the publisher, Matthew Bender & Company, Inc.
Provenance
- Source
- vacourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-10-11
- Edition
- civ-2026-04-01
- Content hash
4296f3f58e04e079f0ac784b2e2c29c81367f9b39b8e06130da80eab54ab653a
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