Fed. R. Civ. P. 32

(a) USING DEPOSITIONS.

(1) In General. At a hearing or trial, all or part of a deposition may be used against a party on these conditions:

(A) the party was present or represented at the taking of

the deposition or had reasonable notice of it;

(B) it is used to the extent it would be admissible under

the Federal Rules of Evidence if the deponent were present

and testifying; and

(C) the use is allowed by Rule 32(a)(2) through (8).

(2) Impeachment and Other Uses. Any party may use a deposition to contradict or impeach the testimony given by the deponent as a witness, or for any other purpose allowed by the

Federal Rules of Evidence.

(3) Deposition of Party, Agent, or Designee. An adverse party

may use for any purpose the deposition of a party or anyone

who, when deposed, was the party’s officer, director, managing

agent, or designee under Rule 30(b)(6) or 31(a)(4).

(4) Unavailable Witness. A party may use for any purpose the

deposition of a witness, whether or not a party, if the court

finds:

(A) that the witness is dead;

(B) that the witness is more than 100 miles from the

place of hearing or trial or is outside the United States,

unless it appears that the witness’s absence was procured

by the party offering the deposition;

(C) that the witness cannot attend or testify because of

age, illness, infirmity, or imprisonment;

(D) that the party offering the deposition could not procure the witness’s attendance by subpoena; or

(E) on motion and notice, that exceptional circumstances make it desirable—in the interest of justice and

with due regard to the importance of live testimony in

open court—to permit the deposition to be used.

(5) Limitations on Use.

(A) Deposition Taken on Short Notice. A deposition must

not be used against a party who, having received less than

14 days’ notice of the deposition, promptly moved for a

protective order under Rule 26(c)(1)(B) requesting that it

not be taken or be taken at a different time or place—and

this motion was still pending when the deposition was

taken.

(B) Unavailable Deponent; Party Could Not Obtain an Attorney. A deposition taken without leave of court under

the unavailability provision of Rule 30(a)(2)(A)(iii) must

not be used against a party who shows that, when served

with the notice, it could not, despite diligent efforts, obtain an attorney to represent it at the deposition.

(6) Using Part of a Deposition. If a party offers in evidence

only part of a deposition, an adverse party may require the offeror to introduce other parts that in fairness should be considered with the part introduced, and any party may itself introduce any other parts.

(7) Substituting a Party. Substituting a party under Rule 25

does not affect the right to use a deposition previously taken.

55 Rule 32 FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

(8) Deposition Taken in an Earlier Action. A deposition lawfully taken and, if required, filed in any federal- or state-court

action may be used in a later action involving the same subject matter between the same parties, or their representatives

or successors in interest, to the same extent as if taken in the

later action. A deposition previously taken may also be used

as allowed by the Federal Rules of Evidence.

(b) O BJECTIONS TO ADMISSIBILITY. Subject to Rules 28(b) and

32(d)(3), an objection may be made at a hearing or trial to the admission of any deposition testimony that would be inadmissible if

the witness were present and testifying.

(c) FORM OF PRESENTATION. Unless the court orders otherwise, a

party must provide a transcript of any deposition testimony the

party offers, but may provide the court with the testimony in nontranscript form as well. On any party’s request, deposition testimony offered in a jury trial for any purpose other than impeachment must be presented in nontranscript form, if available, unless

the court for good cause orders otherwise.

(d) WAIVER OF OBJECTIONS.

(1) To the Notice. An objection to an error or irregularity in

a deposition notice is waived unless promptly served in writing on the party giving the notice.

(2) To the Officer’s Qualification. An objection based on disqualification of the officer before whom a deposition is to be

taken is waived if not made:

(A) before the deposition begins; or

(B) promptly after the basis for disqualification becomes

known or, with reasonable diligence, could have been

known.

(3) To the Taking of the Deposition.

(A) Objection to Competence, Relevance, or Materiality. An

objection to a deponent’s competence—or to the competence, relevance, or materiality of testimony—is not

waived by a failure to make the objection before or during

the deposition, unless the ground for it might have been

corrected at that time.

(B) Objection to an Error or Irregularity. An objection to

an error or irregularity at an oral examination is waived

if:

(i) it relates to the manner of taking the deposition,

the form of a question or answer, the oath or affirmation, a party’s conduct, or other matters that might

have been corrected at that time; and

(ii) it is not timely made during the deposition.

(C) Objection to a Written Question. An objection to the

form of a written question under Rule 31 is waived if not

served in writing on the party submitting the question

within the time for serving responsive questions or, if the

question is a recross-question, within 7 days after being

served with it.

(4) To Completing and Returning the Deposition. An objection

to how the officer transcribed the testimony—or prepared,

signed, certified, sealed, endorsed, sent, or otherwise dealt

with the deposition—is waived unless a motion to suppress is

made promptly after the error or irregularity becomes known

or, with reasonable diligence, could have been known.

56 Rule 33 FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

(As amended Mar. 30, 1970, eff. July 1, 1970; Nov. 20, 1972, eff. July

1, 1975; Apr. 29, 1980, eff. Aug. 1, 1980; Mar. 2, 1987, eff. Aug. 1, 1987;

Apr. 22, 1993, eff. Dec. 1, 1993; Apr. 30, 2007, eff. Dec. 1, 2007; Mar.

26, 2009, eff. Dec. 1, 2009.)