N.D. Cal. Civil L.R. 23-1

(a) Certification by Filing Party Seeking to Serve as Lead Plaintiff. Any person or

group of persons filing a complaint and seeking to serve as lead plaintiff in a civil

action containing a claim governed by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of

1995, Pub. L. No. 104-67, 109 Stat. 737 (1995), must serve and file with the initial

pleading a certificate under penalty of perjury which contains the following averments:

(1) The party has reviewed the complaint and authorized its filing;

(2) The party did not engage in transactions in the securities which are the subject of

the action at the direction of plaintiff’s counsel or in order to participate in this or

any other litigation under the securities laws of the United States;

(3) The party is willing to serve as a representative party on behalf of a class,

including providing testimony at deposition and trial, if necessary;

(4) The party has made no transactions during the class period in the debt or equity

securities that are the subject of the action except those set forth in the certificate

(as used herein, “equity security” shall have the same meaning as that term has

for purposes of section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. §

78p(a));

(5) The party has not, within the three years preceding the date of the certification,

sought to serve or served as a representative party on behalf of a class in an

action involving alleged violations of the federal securities laws, except as set

forth in the certificate; and

(6) The party will not accept any payment for serving as representative on behalf of a

class beyond the party’s pro rata share of any recovery, unless ordered or

approved by the Court pursuant to section 27(a)(4) of the Securities Act, 15

U.S.C. § 77z-1(a)(4), or section 21D(a)(4) of the Securities Exchange Act, 15

U.S.C. § 78u-4(a)(4).

(b) Filing and Serving Required Notices. Not later than 21 days after filing the

complaint in any action governed by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of

1995, Pub. L. No. 104-67, 109 Stat. 737 (1995), the party filing that complaint and

seeking to serve as lead plaintiff must serve and file a copy of any notice required by

the Act.

(c) Certification by Nonfiling Party Seeking to Serve as Lead Plaintiff. Any party

seeking to serve as lead plaintiff, but who does not also file a complaint, need not file

the certification required in Civil L.R. 3-7(b), but must at the time of initial

appearance state that the party has reviewed a complaint filed in the action and either:

(1) Adopts its allegations or, if not,

(2) Specifies the allegations the party intends to assert.

(d) Certification by Lawyers Seeking to Serve as Class Counsel. Each lawyer seeking

to serve as class counsel in any civil action containing a cause of action governed by

the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Pub. L. No. 104-67, 109 Stat.

737 (1995), must serve and file a certificate under penalty of perjury which either:

(1) Affirms that the lawyer does not directly own or otherwise have a beneficial

interest in securities that are the subject of the action; or

(2) Sets forth with specificity the extent of any such ownership or interest and

explains why that ownership or interest does not constitute a conflict of interest

sufficient to disqualify the attorney from representing the class.

(e) Motion to Serve as Lead Plaintiff. Not later than 60 days after publication of the

notices referred to in Civil L.R. 23-1(a), any party seeking to serve as lead plaintiff

must serve and file a motion to do so. The motion must set forth whether the party

claims entitlement to the presumption set forth in section 27(a)(3)(B)(iii)(I) of the

Securities Act or section 21D(a)(3)(B)(iii)(I) of the Securities Exchange Act or that the

presumption is rebutted and the reasons therefor.