US · guidelines
U.S.S.G. §3A1.3
Restraint of Victim
If a victim was physically restrained in the course of the offense, increase by
2 levels.
Commentary
Application Notes:
1. “Physically restrained” is defined in the Commentary to §1B1.1 (Application Instructions).
2. Do not apply this adjustment where the offense guideline specifically incorporates this factor, or
where the unlawful restraint of a victim is an element of the offense itself (e.g., this adjustment
does not apply to offenses covered by §2A4.1 (Kidnapping, Abduction, Unlawful Restraint)).
History
Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 1989 (amendments 249 and 250); November 1, 1991 (amendment 413); November 1, 2025 (amendment 836).
Provenance
- Source
- ussc.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-20
- Edition
- ussg-2025
- Content hash
2417c3413c4b1db76e99c41791501438fb1749f95e2ceb9027acd3ba504a1f4d
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