CMS Pub. 100-04, ch. 12, § 40.2

To ensure the proper identification of services that are, or are not, included in the global

package, the following procedures apply.

A. Procedure Codes and Modifiers

Use of the modifiers in this section apply to both major procedures with a 90-day postoperative

period and minor procedures with a 10-day postoperative period (and/or a zero day

postoperative period in the case of modifiers “-22” and “-25”).

1. Physicians Who Furnish the Entire Global Surgical Package

Physicians who perform the surgery and furnish all of the usual pre-and postoperative work bill

for the global package by entering the appropriate CPT code for the surgical procedure only.

Billing is not allowed for visits or other services that are included in the global package.

2. Physicians in Group Practice

When different physicians in a group practice participate in the care of the patient, the group

bills for the entire global package if the physicians reassign benefits to the group. The

physician who performs the surgery is shown as the performing physician. (For dates of

service prior to January 1, 1994, however, where a new physician furnishes the entire

postoperative care, the group billed for the surgical care and the postoperative care as separate

line items with the appropriate modifiers.)

3. Physicians Who Furnish Part of a Global Surgical Package

Where physicians agree on the transfer of care during the global period, the following

modifiers are used:

• “-54” for surgical care only; or

• “-55” for postoperative management only.

Both the bill for the surgical care only and the bill for the postoperative care only, will contain

the same date of service and the same surgical procedure code, with the services distinguished

by the use of the appropriate modifier.

Providers need not specify on the claim that care has been transferred. However, the date on

which care was relinquished or assumed, as applicable, must be shown on the claim. This

should be indicated in the remarks field/free text segment on the claim form/format. Both the

surgeon and the physician providing the postoperative care must keep a copy of the written

transfer agreement in the beneficiary’s medical record.

Where a transfer of postoperative care occurs, the receiving physician cannot bill for any part

of the global services until he/she has provided at least one service. Once the physician has

seen the patient, that physician may bill for the period beginning with the date on which he/she

assumes care of the patient.

EXCEPTIONS:

• Where a transfer of care does not occur, occasional post-discharge services of a

physician other than the surgeon are reported by the appropriate evaluation and

management code. No modifiers are necessary on the claim.

• If the transfer of care occurs immediately after surgery, the physician other than the

surgeon who provides the in-hospital postoperative care bills using subsequent hospital

care codes for the inpatient hospital care and the surgical code with the “-55” modifier

for the post-discharge care. The surgeon bills the surgery code with the “-54” modifier.

• Physicians who provide follow-up services for minor procedures performed in

emergency departments bill the appropriate level of office visit code. The physician

who performs the emergency room service bills for the surgical procedure without a

modifier.

• If the services of a physician other than the surgeon are required during a postoperative

period for an underlying condition or medical complication, the other physician reports

the appropriate evaluation and management code. No modifiers are necessary on the

claim. An example is a cardiologist who manages underlying cardiovascular conditions

of a patient.

4. Evaluation and Management Service Resulting in the Initial Decision to Perform

Surgery

Evaluation and management services on the day before major surgery or on the day of major

surgery that result in the initial decision to perform the surgery are not included in the global

surgery payment for the major surgery and, therefore, may be billed and paid separately.

In addition to the CPT evaluation and management code, modifier “-57” (decision for surgery)

is used to identify a visit which results in the initial decision to perform surgery. (Modifier “-

QI” was used for dates of service prior to January 1, 1994.)

If evaluation and management services occur on the day of surgery, the physician bills using

modifier “-57,” not “-25.” The “-57” modifier is not used with minor surgeries because the

global period for minor surgeries does not include the day prior to the surgery. Moreover,

where the decision to perform the minor procedure is typically done immediately before the

service, it is considered a routine preoperative service and a visit or consultation is not billed in

addition to the procedure.

5. Return Trips to the Operating Room During the Postoperative Period

When treatment for complications requires a return trip to the operating room, physicians must

bill the CPT code that describes the procedure(s) performed during the return trip. If no such

code exists, use the unspecified procedure code in the correct series, i.e., 47999 or 64999. The

procedure code for the original surgery is not used except when the identical procedure is

repeated.

In addition to the CPT code, physicians use CPT modifier “-78” for these return trips (return to

the operating room for a related procedure during a postoperative period.)

The physician may also need to indicate that another procedure was performed during the

postoperative period of the initial procedure. When this subsequent procedure is related to the

first procedure and requires the use of the operating room, this circumstance may be reported

by adding the modifier “-78” to the related procedure.

NOTE: The CPT definition for this modifier does not limit its use to treatment for

complications.

6. Staged or Related Procedures

Modifier “-58” was established to facilitate billing of staged or related surgical procedures

done during the postoperative period of the first procedure. This modifier is not used to report

the treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating room.

The physician may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the

postoperative period was:

a. Planned prospectively or at the time of the original procedure;

b. More extensive than the original procedure; or

c. For therapy following a diagnostic surgical procedure.

These circumstances may be reported by adding modifier “-58” to the staged procedure. A

new postoperative period begins when the next procedure in the series is billed.

7. Unrelated Procedures or Visits During the Postoperative Period

Modifiers were established to simplify billing for visits and other procedures which are

furnished during the postoperative period of a surgical procedure, but which are not included in

the payment for the surgical procedure.

Modifier “-79”: Reports an unrelated procedure by the same physician during a postoperative

period. The physician may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service

during a postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure.

A new postoperative period begins when the unrelated procedure is billed.

Modifier “-24”: Reports an unrelated evaluation and management service by same physician

during a postoperative period. The physician may need to indicate that an evaluation and

management service was performed during the postoperative period of an unrelated procedure.

This circumstance is reported by adding the modifier “-24” to the appropriate level of

evaluation and management service.

Services submitted with the “-24” modifier must be sufficiently documented to establish that

the visit was unrelated to the surgery. A diagnosis code that clearly indicates that the reason

for the encounter was unrelated to the surgery is acceptable documentation.

A physician who is responsible for postoperative care and has reported and been paid using

modifier “-55” also uses modifier “-24” to report any unrelated visits.

For critical care visits that are unrelated to the surgical procedure and performed

postoperatively, report modifier –FT as discussed in section 30.6.12.7 of this chapter.

8. Significant Evaluation and Management on the Day of a Procedure

Modifier “-25” is used to facilitate billing of evaluation and management services on the day of

a procedure for which separate payment may be made.

It is used to report a significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by

same physician on the day of a procedure. The physician may need to indicate that on the day

a procedure or service that is identified with a CPT code was performed, the patient’s condition

required a significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service above and

beyond the usual preoperative and postoperative care associated with the procedure or service

that was performed. This circumstance may be reported by adding the modifier “-25” to the

appropriate level of evaluation and management service.

Claims containing evaluation and management codes with modifier “-25” are not subject to

prepayment review except in the following situations:

• Effective January 1, 1995, all evaluation and management services provided on the

same day as inpatient dialysis are denied without review with the exception of CPT

Codes 99221-9223, 99251-99255, and 99238. These codes may be billed with modifier

“-25” and reviewed for possible allowance if the evaluation and management service is

unrelated to the treatment of ESRD and was not, and could not, have been provided

during the dialysis treatment;

• When preoperative critical care codes are being billed within a global surgical period;

and

• When A/B MACs (B) have conducted a specific medical review process and

determined, after reviewing the data, that an individual or group has high statistics

in terms of the use of modifier “-25,” have done a case-by-case review of the

records to verify that the use of modifier “-25” was inappropriate, and have

educated the individual or group as to the proper use of this modifier.

For critical care visits that are unrelated to the surgical procedure but performed on the

same day, report modifier -FT as discussed in section 30.6.12.7 of this chapter for further

discussion of critical care visits unrelated to the procedure with a global surgical period.

9. Critical Care

Critical care services provided during a global surgical period must be unrelated to a

surgical procedure and appended with the modifier -FT. For further information see

section 30.6.12.7 of this chapter for further discussion of critical care visits unrelated to

the procedure with a global surgical period.

10. Unusual Circumstances

Surgeries for which services performed are significantly greater than usually required may

be billed with the “-22” modifier added to the CPT code for the procedure. Surgeries for

which services performed are significantly less than usually required may be billed with

the “-52” modifier. The biller must provide:

• A concise statement about how the service differs from the usual; and

• An operative report with the claim.

Modifier “-22” should only be reported with procedure codes that have a global period of

0, 10, or 90 days. There is no such restriction on the use of modifier “-52.”

B. Date(s) of Service

Physicians, who bill for the entire global surgical package or for only a portion of the care,

must enter the date on which the surgical procedure was performed in the “From/To” date of

service field. This will enable A/B MACs (B) to relate all appropriate billings to the correct

surgery. Physicians who share postoperative management with another physician must submit

additional information showing when they assumed and relinquished responsibility for the

postoperative care. If the physician who performed the surgery relinquishes care at the time of

discharge, he or she need only show the date of surgery when billing with modifier “-54.”

However, if the surgeon also cares for the patient for some period following discharge, the

surgeon must show the date of surgery and the date on which postoperative care was

relinquished to another physician. The physician providing the remaining postoperative care

must show the date care was assumed. This information should be shown in Item 19 on the

paper Form CMS-1500. See the related implementation guide for where to show this

information on the ASC X12 837 professional claim transaction format.

C. Care Provided in Different Payment Localities

If portions of the global period are provided in different payment localities, the services should

be billed to the A/B MAC (B) servicing each applicable payment locality. For example, if the

surgery is performed in one state and the postoperative care is provided in another state, the

surgery is billed with modifier “-54” to the A/B MAC (B) servicing the payment locality where

the surgery was performed and the postoperative care is billed with modifier “-55” to the A/B

MAC (B) servicing the payment locality where the postoperative care was performed. This is

true whether the services were performed by the same physician/group or different

physicians/groups.

D. Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) Payments for Services Which Are Subject

to the Global Surgery Rules

HPSA bonus payments may be made for global surgeries when the services are provided in

HPSAs. The following are guidelines for the appropriate billing procedures:

• If the entire global package is provided in a HPSA, physicians should bill for the

appropriate global surgical code with the applicable HPSA modifier.

• If only a portion of the global package is provided in a HPSA, the physician should bill

using a HPSA modifier for the portion which is provided in the HPSA.

EXAMPLE

The surgical portion of the global service is provided in a non-HPSA and the postoperative

portion is provided in a HPSA. The surgical portion should be billed with the “-54” modifier

and no HPSA modifier. The postoperative portion should be billed with the “-55” modifier and

the appropriate HPSA modifier. The 10 percent bonus will be paid on the appropriate

postoperative portion only. If a claim is submitted with a global surgical code and a HPSA

modifier, the A/B MAC (B) assumes that the entire global service was provided in a HPSA in

the absence of evidence otherwise.

NOTE: The sum of the payments made for the surgical and postoperative services provided in

different localities will not equal the global amount in either of the localities because of

geographic adjustments made through the Geographic Practice Cost Indices.