CMS Pub. 100-04, ch. 12, § 30.6.18

A. Definition of Split (or Shared) Visit

A split (or shared) visit is an evaluation and management (E/M) visit in the facility setting that

is performed in part by both a physician and a nonphysician practitioner (NPP) who are in the

same group, in accordance with applicable law and regulations such that the service could be

could be billed by either the physician or NPP if furnished independently by only one of them.

Payment is made to the practitioner who performs the substantive portion of the visit.

Facility setting means an institutional setting in which payment for services and supplies

furnished incident to a physician or practitioner’s professional services is prohibited under our

regulations.

B. Definition of Substantive Portion

(1) More Than Half of the Total Time, or a Substantive Part of the

Medical Decision Making

Beginning January 1, 2024, substantive portion means more than half of the total time spent by

the physician and NPP performing the split (or shared) visit, or a substantive part of the

medical decision making (MDM) as defined in the CPT E/M Guidelines (see 2024 CPT

Codebook). For critical care visits and prolonged services (which do not use MDM and only

use time), “substantive portion” continues to mean more than half of the total time spent by the

physician and NPP performing the split (or shared) visit.

In other words, beginning in calendar year 2024, the practitioner who spends more than half of

the total time, or performs the substantive part of MDM can be considered to have performed

the substantive portion and can bill for the split (or shared) E/M visit. When MDM is used as

the substantive portion, we believe each practitioner could perform certain aspects of MDM,

but the billing practitioner must perform the substantive part of MDM laid out in the CPT E/M

Guidelines in order to bill the shared visit.

For critical care visits, starting for services furnished in CY 2022, the substantive portion will

be more than half of the total time. A unique listing of qualifying activities for purposes of

determining the substantive portion of critical care visits applies (see below).

We summarize these policies in the following table.

Definition of Substantive Portion for E/M Visit Code Families

E/M Visit Code Family 2024 Definition of

Substantive Portion

Other Outpatient* More than half of total time

or a substantive part of the

MDM

Inpatient/Observation/

Hospital/SNF*

More than half of total time

or a substantive part of the

MDM

Emergency

Department

More than half of total time

or a substantive part of the

MDM

Critical Care More than half of total time

Acronyms: E/M (Evaluation and Management), MDM (medical decision-making), SNF

(Skilled Nursing Facility)

*Office visits and Nursing Facility visits are not billable as split (or shared) services.

(2) Distinct Time

In accordance with the CPT E/M Guidelines, only distinct time can be counted. When the

practitioners jointly meet with or discuss the patient, only the time of one of the practitioners

can be counted.

Example: If the NPP first spent 10 minutes with the patient and the physician then spent

another 15 minutes, their individual time spent would be summed to equal a total of 25

minutes. The physician would bill for this visit, since they spent more than half of the total

time (15 of 25 total minutes). If, in the same situation, the physician and NPP met together for

five additional minutes (beyond the 25 minutes) to discuss the patient’s treatment plan, that

overlapping time could only be counted once for purposes of establishing total time and who

provided the substantive portion of the visit. The total time would be 30 minutes, and the

physician would bill for the visit, since they spent more than half of the total time (20 of 30

total minutes).

(3) Qualifying Time

Drawing on the CPT E/M Guidelines, except for critical care visits, the following listing of

activities can be counted toward total time for purposes of determining the substantive portion,

when performed and whether or not the activities involve direct patient contact:

• Preparing to see the patient (for example, review of tests).

• Obtaining and/or reviewing separately obtained history.

• Performing a medically appropriate examination and/or evaluation.

• Counseling and educating the patient/family/caregiver.

• Ordering medications, tests, or procedures.

• Referring and communicating with other health care professionals (when not separately

reported).

• Documenting clinical information in the electronic or other health record.

• Independently interpreting results (not separately reported) and communicating results

to the patient/family/caregiver.

• Care coordination (not separately reported).

Practitioners cannot count time spent on the following:

• The performance of other services that are reported separately.

• Travel.

• Teaching that is general and not limited to discussion that is required for the

management of a specific patient.

See section 30.6.12 for a listing of qualifying activities for purposes of determining the

substantive portion of critical care services.

For all split (or shared) visits, one of the practitioners must have face-to-face (in-person)

contact with the patient, but it does not necessarily have to be the physician, nor the

practitioner who performs the substantive portion and bills for the visit. The substantive

portion can be entirely with or without direct patient contact, and is determined by the

proportion of total time, not whether the time involves patient contact.

(4) Application to Prolonged Services

Starting in 2024, for prolonged visits, the substantive portion is more than half of the

practitioners’ total time. Prolonged services are only billed when time is used to select visit

level, and therefore determination of who performed the substantive portion is based on time.

The physician or practitioner who spent more than half the total time (the substantive portion

starting in 2024) will bill for the primary E/M visit and the prolonged service code(s) when the

service is furnished as a split (or shared) visit, if all other requirements to bill for split (or

shared) services are met. The physician and NPP will add their time together, and whomever

furnished more than half of the total time, including prolonged time, (that is, the substantive

portion) will report both the primary service code and the prolonged services add-on code(s),

assuming the time threshold for reporting prolonged services is met (see Prolonged Services

section above).

• During the transitional calendar years 2022-2023, when practitioners use a key

component as the substantive portion, Emergency department and critical care visits are

not reported as prolonged services.

We summarize these policies in the following table.

Reporting Prolonged Services for Split (or Shared) Visits

E/M Visit Code

Family

2022-2023 2024

If Substantive Portion

is a Key Component…

If Substantive Portion

is Time…

Substantive Portion

Must Be Time

Other Outpatient* Combined time of both

practitioners must

meet the threshold for

reporting prolonged

services

Combined time of

both practitioners

must meet the

threshold for

reporting prolonged

services

Combined time of both

practitioners must

meet the threshold for

reporting prolonged

services

Inpatient/Observati

on/Hospital/SNF*

Combined time of both

practitioners must

meet the threshold for

reporting prolonged

services

Combined time of

both practitioners

must meet the

threshold for

reporting prolonged

services

Combined time of both

practitioners must

meet the threshold for

reporting prolonged

services

Emergency

Department

N/A N/A N/A

Critical Care N/A N/A N/A

Acronyms: E/M (Evaluation and Management); SNF (Skilled Nursing Facility)

*Office visits and Nursing Facility visits are not billable as split (or shared) services.

C. New and Established Patients, and Initial and Subsequent Visits

Split (or shared) visits may be billed for new and established patients, as well as for initial and

subsequent visits, that otherwise meet the requirements for split (or shared) visit payment.

D. Settings of Care

Split (or shared) visits are furnished only in the facility setting, meaning institutional settings in

which payment for services and supplies furnished incident to a physician or practitioner’s

professional services is prohibited under our regulations at 42 CFR § 410.26.

Accordingly, split (or shared) visits are billable for E/M visits furnished in hospital and skilled

nursing facility (SNF) settings. Visits in these settings that are required by our regulations to be

performed in their entirety by a physician are not billable as split (or shared) services. For

example, our Conditions of Participation require certain SNF visits to be performed directly

and solely by a physician; accordingly, those SNF visits cannot be billed as a split (or shared)

visit (see Section 30.6.13).

E. Medical Record Documentation

Documentation in the medical record must identify the physician and NPP who performed the

visit. The individual who performed the substantive portion of the visit (and therefore bills for

the visit) must sign and date the medical record.

F. Claim Identification

Modifier -FS (Split or Shared E/M Visit) must be reported on claims for split (or shared) visits,

to identify that the service was a split (or shared) visit.

The modifier identified by CPT for purposes of reporting partial services (modifier -52

(reduced services)) cannot be used to report partial E/M visits, including any partial services

furnished as split (or shared) visits. Medicare does not pay for partial E/M visits.