CMS Pub. 100-04, ch. 12, § 30.6.12.1

For payment under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (PFS), Medicare adopts the definition

of critical care services in the CPT Codebook, and the CPT listing of bundled services, unless

otherwise specified. This includes the CPT prefatory language stating that critical care is the

direct delivery by a physician(s) or other qualified healthcare professional (QHP) of medical

care for a critically ill/injured patient in which there is acute impairment of one or more vital

organ systems, such that there is a probability of imminent or life-threatening deterioration of

the patient’s condition. It involves high complexity decision-making to treat single or multiple

vital organ system failure and/or to prevent further life-threatening deterioration of the patient’s

condition.

Bundled services that are included by CPT in critical care services and therefore not separately

payable include interpretation of cardiac output measurements, chest X rays, pulse oximetry,

blood gases and collection and interpretation of physiologic data (for example, ECGs, blood

pressures, hematologic data), gastric intubation, temporary transcutaneous pacing, ventilator

management, and vascular access procedures. As a result, these codes are not separately

billable by a practitioner during the time-period when the practitioner is providing critical care

for a given patient. Time spent performing separately reportable procedures or services should

be reported separately and should not be included in the time reported as critical care time.

Because critical care services are delivered by a physician(s) or QHP(s), critical care may be

reported by physicians and other practitioners who are qualified by education, training,

licensure/regulation (when applicable), facility privileging (when applicable), and the

applicable Medicare benefit category to perform critical care services and independently report

them, referred to in this manual section as physicians and non-physician practitioners (NPPs).

As specified in CPT prefatory language, critical care may be furnished on multiple days, and is

typically furnished in a critical care area, which can include an intensive care unit or

emergency care facility. Critical care requires the full attention of the physician or NPP and

therefore, for any given time period spent providing critical care services, the practitioner

cannot provide services to any other patient during the same period of time.