US-CA9 · jury_instructions
9th Cir. Model Jury Instr. (Criminal) 24.27
Forced Labor (18 U.S.C. § 1589(a)))
The defendant is charged in [Count _______ of] the indictment with forced labor in violation of Section 1589(a) of Title 18 of the United States Code. For the defendant to be found guilty of that charge, the government must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
First, the defendant [provided] [obtained] the labor or services of another person; and
Second, that the defendant did so through at least one of the following prohibited means:
force, threats of force, physical restraint, or threats of physical restraint to that person or another person;
serious harm or threats of serious harm to that person;
the abuse or threatened abuse of law or legal process; or
a scheme, plan or pattern intended to cause the person to believe that if that person did not perform such labor or services that person or another person would suffer serious harm or physical restraint; and
Third, that the defendant acted knowingly.
Jurors do not need to agree unanimously on which of the prohibited means the defendant did.
Provenance
- Source
- ce9.uscourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-08-20
- Edition
- 2026-08-20
- Content hash
ff9c46e893f272dc677b9a85d375739254d70680d8e7af0f9facef87dc856d66
The link goes to the issuing authority’s own document — the one we read to produce this record. Where a source publishes whole titles rather than sections, your browser may need a moment to jump to the provision.
Unofficial copy of government-published law, reproduced from official sources with full provenance. Not an official publication; verify against official sources before relying on it in a filing. Records in the 'guidance' corpus, and only that corpus, are sub-regulatory (interpretive guidelines, survey procedures) and are not binding law. Validity bounds follow each jurisdiction's declared temporalBasis.