US-CA9 · jury_instructions
9th Cir. Model Jury Instr. (Criminal) 24.20
Excavating or Trafficking in Archaeological Resources (16 U.S.C. § 470ee(a), (b)(2))
The defendant is charged in [Count _______ of] the indictment with [excavating] [trafficking in] archaeological resources in violation of Section [470ee(a)] [470ee(b)(2)] of Title 16 the United States Code. For the defendant to be found guilty of that charge, the government must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
[First, the defendant knowingly [[excavated] [removed] [damaged] [altered] [defaced]] [specify archaeological resource] while knowing that it was of archaeological interest and at least 100 years of age;]
or
[First, the defendant knowingly [[sold] [purchased] [exchanged] [transported] [received] [offered to sell] [offered to purchase] [offered to exchange]] [specify archaeological resource] while knowing that it was of archaeological interest and at least 100 years of age;]
Second, the [specify archaeological resource] was [[located on] [removed from]] [specify public or Indian lands]; and
Third, the defendant acted without a permit to do so from [specify federal land manager].
The government is not required to prove that the defendant knew that the [specify archaeological resource] was [[located on] [removed from]] [[public] [Indian]] land.
Provenance
- Source
- ce9.uscourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-08-20
- Edition
- 2026-08-20
- Content hash
c21d0e7c13adff0051aca846b1a070209d383a9720e526cbf52f0bfabb053cce
The link goes to the issuing authority’s own document — the one we read to produce this record. Where a source publishes whole titles rather than sections, your browser may need a moment to jump to the provision.
Unofficial copy of government-published law, reproduced from official sources with full provenance. Not an official publication; verify against official sources before relying on it in a filing. Records in the 'guidance' corpus, and only that corpus, are sub-regulatory (interpretive guidelines, survey procedures) and are not binding law. Validity bounds follow each jurisdiction's declared temporalBasis.