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US-CA9 · jury_instructions

9th Cir. Model Jury Instr. (Criminal) 23.14

Economic Espionage (18 U.S.C. § 1831)

activein force · 2026-08-20 – presentas-observed

The defendant is charged in [Count_____ of] the indictment with economic espionage in

violation of Section 1831 of Title 18 of the United States Code. For the defendant to be found guilty of that charge, the government must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:

First, the defendant [intended] [knew] that his actions would benefit any [foreign government] [foreign instrumentality] [foreign agent];

Second, the defendant knowingly:

[[stole] [without authorization [appropriated] [took] [carried away] [concealed]] [obtained by fraud] [obtained by artifice] [obtained by deception] a trade secret];

or

[without authorization [copied] [duplicated] [sketched] [drew] [photographed] [downloaded] [uploaded] [altered] [destroyed] [photocopied] [replicated] [transmitted] [delivered] [sent] [mailed] [communicated] [conveyed] a trade secret];

or

[[received] [bought] [possessed] a trade secret, knowing the same to have been [stolen] [appropriated without authorization] [obtained without authorization] [converted without authorization]].

Provenance

Source
ce9.uscourts.gov
Retrieved
2026-08-20
Edition
2026-08-20
Content hash
359394a76a4d95eb9c4d8c918833e9b5998be0c2b747f41ffed7733bd64d1dcf
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