US-CA9 · jury_instructions
9th Cir. Model Jury Instr. (Criminal) 15.8
Fraud in Connection with Identification Documents—Trafficking (18 U.S.C. § 1028(a)(8))
The defendant is charged in [Count ______ of] the indictment with trafficking in authentication features in violation of Section 1028(a)(8) of Title 18 of the United States Code. For the defendant to be found guilty of that charge, the government must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
First, the defendant knowingly trafficked in [false] authentication features;
Second, the [false] authentication features were for use in [false identification documents] [document-making implements] [means of identification]; and
[Third, the authentication feature was or appeared to be issued by or under authority of [the United States] [specify issuing authority].]
or
[Third, the transfer of the [false] authentication feature was in or affected commerce between one state and [an]other state[s], or between a state of the United States and a foreign country.]
or
[Third, in the course of transferring the authentication feature, it was transported in the mail.]
Provenance
- Source
- ce9.uscourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-08-20
- Edition
- 2026-08-20
- Content hash
935458eadd9f56a910c426329fae1543bf2169cc28c3cbb1ba0c8044b6fa8e4d
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