US-CA9 · jury_instructions
9th Cir. Model Jury Instr. (Criminal) 13.8
Passing or Attempting to Pass Forged Endorsement on Treasury Check, Bond, or Security of United States (18 U.S.C. § 510(a)(2))
The defendant is charged in [Count _______ of] the indictment with [[passing] [uttering] [publishing] [attempting to [pass] [utter] [publish]] a Treasury [check] [bond] [security] of the United States in violation of Section 510 of Title 18 of the United States Code. For the defendant to be found guilty of that charge, the government must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
First, the defendant [[passed] [uttered] [published]] [attempted to [pass] [utter] [publish]] a Treasury [check] [bond] [security] of the United States which bore a falsely made or forged [endorsement] [signature]; [and]
Second, the defendant did so with intent to defraud[.] [; and]
[Third, the defendant did something that was a substantial step toward committing the crime.
A “substantial step” is conduct that strongly corroborated the defendant’s intent to commit the crime. To constitute a substantial step, a defendant’s act or actions must unequivocally demonstrate that the crime will take place unless interrupted by independent circumstances. Mere preparation is not a substantial step toward committing the crime.
Jurors do not need to agree unanimously as to which particular act or actions constituted a substantial step toward the commission of a crime.]
Provenance
- Source
- ce9.uscourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-08-20
- Edition
- 2026-08-20
- Content hash
f5088205409bedee3e0b001dca9e7cf6734611e7f4f4e315d9e6101fba5ff4d4
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