Bindinglaw

US-CA9 · jury_instructions

9th Cir. Model Jury Instr. (Criminal) 12.15

Controlled Substance—Possession or Distribution of Listed Chemical (21 U.S.C. § 841(c)(2))

activein force · 2026-08-20 – presentas-observed

The defendant is charged in [Count _______ of] the indictment with [possession] [distribution] of a listed chemical, knowing or having reasonable cause to believe it would be used to manufacture [specify controlled substance] in violation of Section 841(c)(2) of Title 21 of the United States Code. For the defendant to be found guilty of that charge, the government must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:

First, the defendant knowingly [[possessed] [distributed]] [specify listed chemical]; and

Second, the defendant [possessed] [distributed] it knowing, or having reasonable cause to believe, that it would be used to manufacture [specify controlled substance].

It does not matter whether defendant knew that [specify listed chemical] was a listed chemical. It is sufficient that the defendant knew or had reasonable cause to believe that it would be used to manufacture [specify controlled substance] or some other prohibited drug.

“Reasonable cause to believe” means knowledge of facts that, although not amounting to direct knowledge, would cause a reasonable person in the defendant’s position knowing the same facts, to reasonably conclude that the [specify listed chemical] would be used to manufacture a controlled substance. You must consider the knowledge and sophistication of the defendant when determining whether the defendant had reasonable cause to believe that the [specify listed chemical] would be used to manufacture [specify controlled substance] or some other prohibited drug.

Provenance

Source
ce9.uscourts.gov
Retrieved
2026-08-20
Edition
2026-08-20
Content hash
4f2d646c38d48711eb9abf6033f60ab92e3f408a7096c14c00470b052c3e4510
View the official source →

The link goes to the issuing authority’s own document — the one we read to produce this record. Where a source publishes whole titles rather than sections, your browser may need a moment to jump to the provision.

Unofficial copy of government-published law, reproduced from official sources with full provenance. Not an official publication; verify against official sources before relying on it in a filing. Records in the 'guidance' corpus, and only that corpus, are sub-regulatory (interpretive guidelines, survey procedures) and are not binding law. Validity bounds follow each jurisdiction's declared temporalBasis.

Coverage · API docs

Bindinglaw

Point-in-time US law with the receipt attached. Source URL, retrieval time, content hash, and validity dates on every answer.

curl api.binding.law/v1/law/coverage

© 2026 binding.law · a Jubal, Inc. productAttorneys and firms never pay. Ever.