US-CA9 · jury_instructions
9th Cir. Model Jury Instr. (Civil) 5.4
Damages Arising in the Future—Discount to Present Cash Value
[Any award for future economic damages must be for the present cash value of those damages.]
[Noneconomic damages [such as [pain and suffering] [disability] [disfigurement] [and] [specify other noneconomic damages]] are not reduced to present cash value.]
Present cash value means the sum of money needed now, which, when invested at a reasonable rate of return, will pay future damages at the times and in the amounts that you find the damages [will be incurred] [or] [would have been received].
The rate of return to be applied in determining present cash value should be the interest that can reasonably be expected from safe investments that can be made by a person of ordinary prudence, who has ordinary financial experience and skill. [You should also consider decreases in the value of money that may be caused by future inflation.]
Provenance
- Source
- ce9.uscourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-08-20
- Edition
- 2026-08-20
- Content hash
f60bd1b686862cf5d32f2709d25cc0f5f144da7148036f753f34be7fd529f400
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