OUJI-CIV No. 9.14

ASSUMPTION OF RISK

[Plaintiff] assumed the risk of injury resulting from [Defendant's] negligence if

[he/she] voluntarily exposed [himself/herself] to injury with knowledge and appreciation

of the danger and risk involved. To establish this defense, [Defendant] must show by the

weight of the evidence that:

1. [Plaintiff] knew of the risk and appreciated the degree of danger;

2. [Plaintiff] had the opportunity to avoid the risk;

3. [Plaintiff] acted voluntarily; and

4. [Plaintiff]'s action was the direct cause of [his/her] injury.