N.J. Model Criminal Jury Charge, N.J.S.A. 2C:33-31a(1)

Approved 10/24/16

DOG FIGHTING - (KEEPER/USER/MANAGER)

N.J.S.A. 2C:33-31a(1)

The indictment charges the defendant with committing the crime of dog fighting. The

indictment reads as follows:

(Read Indictment)

This conduct is prohibited by a statute providing:

A person is guilty of dog fighting if that person knowingly keeps,

uses, is connected with or interested in the management of, or

receives money for the admission of a person to, a place kept or

used for the purpose of fighting or baiting a dog.

To find the defendant guilty of dog fighting the State must prove beyond a reasonable

doubt each of the following elements:

(1) That the defendant knowingly [Choose one or more as appropriate: kept,

used, was connected with or interested in the management of, received

money for the admission of a person to] a place;

AND

(2) That the place was kept or used for the purpose of [Choose as appropriate:

fighting or baiting] a dog.

The first element that the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt is that defendant

knowingly [Choose one or more as appropriate: kept, used, was connected with or interested

in the management of,1 received money for the admission of a person to] a place.

A person acts knowingly with respect to the nature of his/her conduct or the attendant

circumstances if he/she is aware that his/her conduct is of that nature, or that such circumstances

exist, or the person is aware of a high probability of their existence.

A person acts knowingly with respect to a result of the conduct if he/she is aware that it is

practically certain that his/her conduct will cause such a result. “Knowing,” “with knowledge,”

or equivalent terms have the same meaning.2

1 Black’s Law Dictionary 560 (6th ed. 1991) defines “interest” as “The most general term that can

be employed to denote a right, claim, title, or legal share in something. More particularly it means a right

to have the advantage accruing from anything; any right in the nature of property, but less than title.”

2 N.J.S.A. 2C:2-2b(2).

DOG FIGHTING – (KEEPER/USER/MANAGER)

N.J.S.A. 2C:33-31a(1)

The second element that the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt is that the place

was kept or used for the purpose of [Choose as appropriate: fighting or baiting] a dog.

For purposes of this section “bait” means to attack with violence, to provoke, or to hara ss

a dog with one or more animals for the purpose of training the dog for, or to cause a dog to

engage in, a fight with or among other dogs.3

A person acts purposely with respect to the nature of his/her conduct or a result thereof if

it is his/her conscious object to engage in conduct of that nature or to cause such a result. A

person acts purposely with respect to attendant circumstances if he/she is aware of the existence

of such circumstances or he/she believes or hopes that they exist.4

Purpose and knowledge are conditions of the mind which cannot be seen and can only be

determined by inferences from conduct, words or acts. A state of mind is rarely susceptible of

direct proof, but must ordinar ily be inferred from the facts. Therefore, it is not necessary,

members of the jury, that the State produce witnesses to testify that an accused said he/she had a

certain state of mind when he/she engaged in a particular act. It is within your power to find that

such proof has been furnished beyond a reasonable doubt by inference which may arise from the

nature of his/her acts and his/her conduct, and from all he/she said and did at the particular time

and place, and from all of the surrounding circumstances.

5

If you find that the State did prove beyond a reasonable doubt all of the elements of the

crime of dog fighting, then you must find the defendant guilty.

If you find that the State has not proven beyond a reasonable doubt any element of the

crime of dog fighting as I have defined that crime to you, then you must find the defendant not

guilty.

3 N.J.S.A. 2C:33-31c.

4 N.J.S.A. 2C:2-2.

5 N.J.S.A. 2C:2-2.