Mont. R. Civ. P. 52

(a) Findings and Conclusions.

(1) In General. In an action tried on the facts without a jury or with an advisory jury,

the court must find the facts specially and state its conclusions of law separately. The

findings and conclusions may be stated on the record after the close of the evidence

or may appear in an opinion or a memorandum of decision filed by the court.

Judgment must be entered under Rule 58.

(2) For an Interlocutory Injunction. In granting or refusing an interlocutory

injunction, the court must similarly state the findings and conclusions that support its

action.

(3) For a Motion. The court is not required to state findings or conclusions when

ruling on a motion unless these rules provide otherwise. When ruling on a motion

under Rule 12 or 56, a court shall specify the grounds therefor with sufficient

particularity as to apprise the parties and any appellate court of the rationale

underlying the ruling. This may be done in the body of the order or in an attached

opinion.

(4) Effect of a Master’s Findings. A master’s findings, to the extent adopted by the

court, must be considered the court’s findings.

(5) Questioning the Evidentiary Support. A party may later question the sufficiency

of the evidence supporting the findings, whether or not the party requested findings,

objected to them, moved to amend them, or moved for partial findings.

(6) Setting Aside the Findings. Findings of fact, whether based on oral or other

evidence, must not be set aside unless clearly erroneous, and the reviewing court must

give due regard to the trial court’s opportunity to judge the witnesses’ credibility.

(b) Amended or Additional Findings. On a party’s motion filed no later than 28 days

after the entry of judgment, the court may amend its findings -- or make additional findings

-- and may amend the judgment accordingly. The motion may accompany a motion for a

new trial under Rule 59.

(c) Judgment on Partial Finding. If a party has been fully heard on an issue during a

nonjury trial and the court finds against the party on that issue, the court may enter

judgment against the party on a claim or defense that, under the controlling law, can be

maintained or defeated only with a favorable finding on that issue. The court may, however,

decline to render any judgment until the close of the evidence. A judgment on partial

findings must be supported by findings of fact and conclusions of law as required by Rule

52(a).

(d) Time for determining motions. Motions provided under subdivision (b) of this rule

must be determined within the time provided by Rule 59 in the cases of motions for new

trial and amendment of judgment and if the court fails to rule on the motion within the 60-day period, the motion must be deemed denied.