IN · rules
Ind. Prof. Cond. Rule 4.3
Dealing with Unrepresented Persons
Effective January 1, 2005
In dealing on behalf of a client with a person who is not represented by counsel, a lawyer
shall not state or imply that the lawyer is disinterested. When the lawyer knows or reasonably
should know that the unrepresented person misunderstands the lawyer's role in the matter,
the lawyer shall make reasonable efforts to correct the misunderstanding. The lawyer shall
not give legal advice to an unrepresented person, other than the advice to secure counsel, if
the lawyer knows or reasonably should know that the interests of such person are or have a
reasonable possibility of being in conflict with the interests of the client.
Comment
[1] An unrepresented person, particularly one not experienced in dealing with legal matters, might assume that a lawyer is disinterested in loyalties or is a disinterested authority
on the law even when the lawyer represents a client. In order to avoid a misunderstanding, a lawyer will typically need to identify the lawyer's client and, where necessary, explain that the client has interests opposed to those of the unrepresented person.
For misunderstandings that sometimes arise when a lawyer for an organization deals with
an unrepresented constituent, see Rule 1.13(d).
[2] The Rule distinguishes between situations involving unrepresented persons whose
interests may be adverse to those of the lawyer's client and those in which the person's
interests are not in conflict with the client's. In the former situation, the possibility that the
lawyer will compromise the unrepresented person's interests is so great that the Rule pro-
hibits the giving of any advice, apart from the advice to obtain counsel. Whether a lawyer
is giving impermissible advice may depend on the experience and sophistication of the
unrepresented person, as well as the setting in which the behavior and comments occur.
This Rule does not prohibit a lawyer from negotiating the terms of a transaction or settling
a dispute with an unrepresented person. So long as the lawyer has explained that the lawyer represents an adverse party and is not representing the person, the lawyer may
inform the person of the terms on which the lawyer's client will enter into an agreement or
settle a matter, prepare documents that require the person's signature and explain the
lawyer's own view of the meaning of the document or the lawyer's view of the underlying
legal obligations.
Provenance
- Source
- rules.incourts.gov
- Retrieved
- 2026-10-02
- Edition
- supplied-in-22-2024-10-01
- Content hash
e73d37f2335ebd51517a10663a996832ab310246c9e3a8d1461b4f65693bf720
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