Iowa Ct. R. 51:3.1

A judge may engage in extrajudicial activities, except as prohibited by law* or the Iowa

Code of Judicial Conduct. However, when engaging in extrajudicial activities, a judge shall

not:

(A) participate in activities that will interfere with the proper performance of the judge’s

judicial duties;

(B) participate in activities that will lead to frequent disqualification of the judge;

(C) participate in activities that would appear to a reasonable person to undermine the

judge’s independence,* integrity,* or impartiality;*

(D) engage in conduct that would appear to a reasonable person to be coercive; or

(E) make use of court premises, staff, stationery, equipment, or other resources, except

for incidental use for activities that concern the law, the legal system, the provision of legal

services, or the administration of justice, or unless such additional use is permitted by law.

Comment

[1] To the extent that time permits, and judicial independence and impartiality are not

compromised, judges are encouraged to engage in appropriate extrajudicial activities. Judges are

uniquely qualified to engage in extrajudicial activities that concern the law, the legal system, the

provision of legal services, and the administration of justice, such as by speaking, writing, teaching,

or participating in scholarly research projects. In addition, judges are permitted and encouraged to

engage in educational, religious, charitable, fraternal or civic extrajudicial activities not conducted

for profit, even when the activities do not involve the law. See rule 51:3.7.

[2] Participation in both law-related and other extrajudicial activities helps integrate judges into

their communities and furthers public understanding of and respect for courts and the judicial system.

[3] Discriminatory actions and expressions of bias or prejudice by a judge, even outside the judge’s

official or judicial actions, are likely to appear to a reasonable person to call into question the judge’s

integrity and impartiality. Examples include jokes or other remarks that demean individuals based

upon their race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, or

socioeconomic status. For the same reason, a judge’s extrajudicial activities must not be conducted

in connection or affiliation with an organization that practices invidious discrimination. See rule

51:3.6.

[4] While engaged in permitted extrajudicial activities, judges must not coerce others or take action

that would reasonably be perceived as coercive. For example, depending upon the circumstances, a

judge’s solicitation of contributions or memberships for an organization, even as permitted by rule

51:3.7(A), might create the risk that the person solicited would feel obligated to respond favorably,

or would do so to curry favor with the judge.