Haw. Civil Jury Instr. 18.2

(ANIMALS KNOWN BY THEIR SPECIES OR NATURE

TO BE DANGEROUS, WILD OR VICIOUS)

To prevail on the claim of absolute liability against

defendant(s), plaintiff(s) must prove all of the following

elements:

1. Defendant(s) was/were the owner(s)/harborer(s) of the

animal that bit/attacked plaintiff(s);

2. That animal was known by its species or nature to be

dangerous, wild, or vicious; and

3. That animal was a legal cause of plaintiff’s(s’)

injuries/damages.

PRACTICE NOTE: Liability may also arise from animal conduct

other than bites or attacks.

Haw. Rev. Stat. § 663-9(b); Hubbell v. Iseke, 6 Haw. App. 485,

727 P.2d 1131 (1986).