Ala. R. Crim. P. 12.3

History

Committee Comments Rule 12.3(a) states the oaths presently required in Alabama. Ala.Code 1975, §§ 12-16-171, -172. Rule 12.3(b) substantially changes past practice. Ala.Code 1975, § 12-16202, requires the court specifically to charge such things as the laws regulating the operation of automobiles, carrying concealed weapons, dealing in county claims by county officers, failure of tax assessor to administer oath to taxpayer, forming pools to regulate quantity or price of products, combination to control corporation with such intent, violation of election laws, laws relating to convicts and prisoners, adulterating and selling candies, gaming, selling liquors in violation of law, betting on any election, violating the game and fish law, and violating the law prohibiting corporations from contributing to campaign funds. The rule merely directs the judges of the courts in which grand juries relative to the criminal laws against certain offenses; to charge the grand jury as to all other matters which may be required by law; and to instruct the grand jury that it is their duty to indict for offenses if, in their opinion, the evidence justifies the indictment. Rule 12.3(c) is intended to limit some of the duties of the grand jury imposed by statute unless for some good reason those duties are required of them. See generally Ala.Code 1975, § 12-16-191, on the duty of grand juries to examine county jails; § 12-16-195 on grand juries’ examining books of county superintendents of education; § 36-11-3 on duty of grand juries to investigate public officers; Hess & Kulakowski, Preliminary Proceedings and Trial Preparations, 35 Alabama Lawyer 497, 506 (1974). See Ala.Code 1975, § 12-16-192. Rule 12.3(c)(2) is not an exclusive remedy and the grand jury can still indict. Rule 12.3(d) restates in part present Alabama law and is not exclusive. The function of the grand jury is to make investigations into possible crimes committed within the grand jury’s jurisdiction. “The grand jury is an integral part of our legal system, whose function it is to make investigations of all crimes committed within its jurisdiction.” King v. Second National Bank & Trust Co., 234 Ala. 106, 108, 173 So. 498, 499 (1937). As the Alabama Supreme Court said in Fields, Alias v. State, 121 Ala. 16, 17, 25 So. 726, 727 (1899): “[The grand jury] is that branch of the court, when organized under the statute, in which all criminal prosecutions by indictment must originate. It puts in motion the organized machinery for the trial of persons charged with crime by presenting in open court in the name of the State a complaint, which must be endorsed a true bill. By this means the court acquires jurisdiction of the particular case. The functions and powers of the grand jury as to the indictment so returned are ended when the presentment is made and the indictment or true bill is received by the court.” Once the grand jury is empaneled and sworn as provided by statute, “it becomes the supreme inquisitorial body of the county, and no preliminary act of any court or judge can limit its powers.” State v. Knighton, 21 Ala.App. 330, 331, 108 So. 85 (1926). Partial authority for subsection (2) is found in Alabama Code 1975, § 1216- 196, which provides: “The district attorney and the grand jury shall be entitled to free access, at all proper hours, to the county jail, to the office of the county treasurer and to examination, without charge, of all records and other papers in any of the county offices, connected in any way with their duties.”