Alaska Code Jud. Conduct Canon 4

A. ■ Extra-Judicial Activities in General. A judge shall

conduct all of the judge’s extra-judicial activities so as to

comply with the requirements of this Code and so that these

activities do not:

(1) cast reasonable doubt on the judge’s capacity to act

impartially as a judge;

(2) demean the judicial office; or

(3) interfere with the proper performance of judicial

duties.*

Commentary.—Extra-judicial activities are intended to

include both the quasi-judicial activities covered by Canon 4

and the extra-judicial activities covered by Canon 5 of the

1973 Code of Judicial Conduct.

Complete separation of a judge from extra-judicial activities is

neither possible nor wise; a judge should not become isolated

from the community in which the judge lives.

Even outside the judicial role, a judge who expresses bias or

prejudice may cast reasonable doubt on the judge’s capacity to

act impartially as a judge. Such expressions include jokes or

other remarks demeaning individuals on the basis of their

race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, age,

marital status, changes in marital status, pregnancy,

parenthood, sexual orientation, or social or economic status.

See Section 2C and accompanying Commentary.

The ABA added the phrase “demean the judicial office” in

Section 4A(2) in place of the phrase “detract from the dignity

of his office” which appeared in the prior Code. According to

the Reporter’s Notes to the 1990 Model Code, the new

language is intended “to proscribe injurious conduct, not

necessarily undignified conduct, as the latter might in some

cases be permissible. For example, a judge’s appearing in a

skit as part of the entertainment at a judicial organization’s

event might be at once undignified and perfectly proper.”

Section 4A(2) is a legitimate limitation on a judge’s extra-judicial activities to the extent that it forbids a judge from

flagrantly violating community standards or engaging in

activities that clearly bring disrepute to the courts or the legal

system. However, Section 4A(2) should not be interpreted so

broadly as to authorize disciplinary bodies to censure or

penalize a judge for engaging in a non-conformist lifestyle or

for privately pursuing interests or activities that might be

offensive to segments of the community.

B. ■ Educational Activities. As part of the judicial role,

a judge is encouraged to render public service to the

community. Judges have a professional responsibility to

educate the public about the judicial system and the judicial

office, subject to the requirements of this Code. A judge may

speak, write, lecture, teach, and participate in other extra-judicial activities concerning the law,* the legal system, the

administration of justice, and non-legal topics, subject to the

requirements of this Code.

Commentary.—As a judicial officer and person specially

learned in the law, a judge is in a unique position to contribute

to the improvement of the law, the legal system, and the

administration of justice, including revision of substantive and

procedural law and improvement of criminal and juvenile

justice. To the extent that time permits, a judge is encouraged

to do so, either independently or through a bar association,

judicial conference, or other organization dedicated to the

improvement of the law. Judges may participate in efforts to

promote the fair administration of justice, the independence of

the judiciary, and the integrity of the legal profession. A judge

may also encourage community involvement in court-affiliated

programs and may invite public suggestions for the

improvement of the law, the legal system, or the legal

profession. In conducting these activities, judges should be

mindful to comply with Canon 2 when recommending specific

programs or activities.

The responsibility to educate the public is not intended to be

enforced through the disciplinary process.

C. ■ Governmental, Civic, Charitable, and Law-related Activities.

(1) ◊ ■ A judge shall not appear at a public hearing

before, or otherwise consult with, an executive or legislative

body or official except on matters concerning the law,* the

legal system, or the administration of justice, or except when

acting pro se in a matter involving the judge or the judge’s

interests.

Commentary.—See Section 2B regarding the obligation to

avoid improper influence.

“Administration of justice” matters include seeking funding

for public service organizations that provide or seek increased

access to justice such as Alaska Legal Services, so long as the

organization is not identified with a particular cause that may

come before the courts. When testifying as an individual judge

on administration of justice matters, the judge should be clear

that the observations are based on his or her experience as a

judge and that other judges may have different observations.

Section 4C(1) permits a judge to appear before a

governmental body or government official on a matter

concerning the judge’s interests. The word “interests” should

be interpreted broadly. A judge may speak on matters

concerning the judge’s social interests as well as matters

affecting the judge’s economic interests.

(2) ‡◊ A judge shall not accept appointment to or serve

on a governmental committee or commission or other

governmental position that is concerned with issues of fact or

policy on matters other than the improvement of the law,* the

legal system, or the administration of justice. A judge may,

however, represent a country, state, or locality on ceremonial

occasions or in connection with historical, educational,

cultural, or athletic activities.

Commentary.—Section

4C(2)

prohibits a judge from accepting any governmental position except one relating to the

law, the legal system, or the administration of justice as

authorized by Section 4C(3). The appropriateness of accepting

extra-judicial assignments must be assessed in light of the

demands on judicial resources created by crowded dockets and

the need to protect the courts from involvement in extra-judicial matters that may prove to be controversial. Judges

should not accept governmental appointments that are likely to

interfere with the effectiveness and independence of the

judiciary.

Section 4C(2) does not govern a judge’s service in a

nongovernmental position. See Section 4C(3) permitting

service by a judge with organizations devoted to the

improvement of the law, the legal system, or the administration

of justice and with educational, religious, charitable, fraternal,

or civic organizations not conducted for profit. For example,

service on the board of a public educational institution, unless

it were a law school, would be prohibited under Section 4C(2),

but service on the board of a public law school or any private

educational institution would generally be permitted under

Section 4C(3).

(3) A judge may serve as an officer, director, trustee, or

non-legal advisor of an organization or governmental agency

devoted to the improvement of the law,* the legal system, or

the administration of justice, or of an educational, religious,

charitable, fraternal, cultural, athletic, or civic organization not

conducted for profit, subject to the following limitations:

Commentary.—Section 4C(3) does not apply to a judge’s

service in a governmental position unconnected with the

improvement of the law, the legal system or the administration

of justice; see Section 4C(2).

Participation by a judge in a non-profit organization may be

governed by other provisions of Canon 4 in addition to Section

4C. For example, a judge is prohibited by Section 4G from

serving as a legal advisor to a non-profit organization.

Section 4C(3) does not prohibit mere membership in a legal

professional association that occasionally takes controversial

or political positions.

(a) A judge shall not serve as an officer, director, trustee,

or non-legal advisor if it is likely that the organization will be

engaged in proceedings that would ordinarily come before the

judge or will be engaged frequently in adversary proceedings

in the court of which the judge is a member or in any court

subject to the appellate jurisdiction of the judge’s court.

Commentary.—The changing nature of some organizations

and of their relationship to the law makes it necessary for a

judge regularly to reexamine the activities of each

organization with which the judge is affiliated to determine if it

is proper for the judge to continue the affiliation. For example,

in many jurisdictions charitable hospitals are now more

frequently in court than in the past. Similarly, the boards of

some legal aid organizations now make policy decisions that

may have political significance or imply commitment to causes

that may come before the courts for adjudication.

(b) Regardless of the judge’s role within the organization, a judge:

(i) may assist the organization in planning fundraising

activities and may participate in the management and

investment of the organization’s funds, but shall not personally

participate in the solicitation of funds or be the speaker or

guest of honor at the organization’s fundraising event, except a

judge may be the speaker or guest of honor for public service

organizations that seek improvement in the administration of

justice, benefit indigent representation, or assist access to

justice, or for any permitted organization under Section 4C(3)

where the proceeds from the event seek to improve the

administration of justice, benefit indigent representation, or

assist access to justice. A judge may also solicit funds for any

permitted organization under Section 4C(3) from other judges

over whom the judge does not exercise supervisory or

appellate authority;

(ii) may make recommendations to public or private

fund-granting organizations on projects and programs

concerning the law,* the legal system, or the administration of

justice;

(iii) shall not personally participate in membership

solicitation if the solicitation might reasonably be perceived as

coercive;

(iv) shall not personally participate in membership

solicitation, except as permitted in Section 4C(3)(b)(i), if the membership solicitation is essentially a fundraising mechanism;

(v) shall not use or permit anyone else to use the prestige

of judicial office for fundraising or membership solicitation.

Commentary.—A judge may solicit membership or endorse or

encourage membership efforts for an organization devoted to

the improvement of the law, the legal system or the

administration of justice or a nonprofit educational, religious,

charitable, fraternal or civic organization as long as the

solicitation cannot reasonably be perceived as coercive and is

not essentially a fundraising mechanism. Solicitation of funds

for an organization and solicitation of memberships similarly

involve the danger that the person solicited will feel obligated

to respond favorably to the solicitor if the solicitor is in a

position of influence or control. A judge must not engage in

direct, individual solicitation of funds or memberships in

person, in writing, or by telephone except in the following

cases: (1) a judge may solicit other judges over whom the

judge does not exercise supervisory or appellate authority, (2)

a judge may solicit other persons for membership in the

organizations described above if neither those persons nor

persons with whom they are affiliated are likely ever to appear

before the court on which the judge serves, and (3) a judge

who is an officer of a Section 4C(3) organization may send a

general membership solicitation mailing over the judge’s

signature.

Use of an organization letterhead for fundraising or

membership solicitation does not violate Section 4C(3)(b)

provided the letterhead lists only the judge’s name and office

or other position in the organization, and, if comparable

designations are listed for other persons, the judge’s judicial

designation. In addition, a judge must also make reasonable

efforts to ensure that the judge’s staff, court officials and

others subject to the judge’s direction and control do not

solicit funds on the judge’s behalf for any purpose, charitable

or otherwise.

Section 4C(3)(b)(i) is intended to prohibit the direct

solicitation of funds. Being the speaker or guest of honor at an

organization’s fundraising event is the functional equivalent of

solicitation. However, judges may participate as workers at

fundraising events such as car washes and carnivals, purchase

admission to fundraising social events, and purchase goods

and services (e.g., candy bars, commemorative buttons, or a

car wash) that are being sold as a fundraising effort.

The limited exception allowing judges to be speakers or guests

of honor for public service organizations that assist access to

justice is meant to include not-for-profit organizations that

exist to enhance access to justice or to seek improvement in the

administration of justice, but judges should be mindful of the

need to avoid creating the appearance that they are identifying

with a particular cause or issue that is likely to come before

them or before other judges on their court. See Canon 2 and

accompanying Commentary. “Access to justice” includes

increasing minority representation on the bench, preserving

judicial independence, and assisting the advancement of the

legal profession.

D. Financial Activities.

(1) Generally.

(a) ■ A judge shall not engage in financial or business

dealings, or permit his or her name to be used in connection

with any business venture or commercial advertising program,

with or without compensation, if the activity might reasonably

be perceived to exploit the judge’s judicial position.

(b) ◊ A judge shall not enter into financial or business

dealings that would involve the judge in frequent transactions

or continuing business relationships with those lawyers or

other persons likely to come before the court on which the

judge serves.

Commentary.—See Time for Compliance, Section 6E.

When a judge acquires information in a judicial capacity, such

as material contained in filings with the court, that is not yet

generally known, the judge must not use the information for

private gain. See Section 2B; see also Section 3B(11).

A judge must avoid financial and business dealings that

involve the judge in frequent transactions or continuing

business relationships with persons likely to come either before

the judge personally or before other judges on the judge’s

court. In addition, a judge should discourage members of the

judge’s family from engaging in dealings that would

reasonably appear to exploit the judge’s judicial position. This

rule is necessary to avoid creating an appearance of

exploitation of office or favoritism and to minimize the

potential for disqualification. With respect to affiliation of

relatives of a judge with law firms appearing before the judge,

see Commentary to Section 3E(1) relating to disqualification.

Participation by a judge in financial and business dealings is

subject to the general prohibitions in Section 4A against

activities that tend to reflect adversely on the impartiality of

the judge, demean the judicial office, or interfere with the

proper performance of judicial duties. Such participation is

also subject to the general prohibition in Canon 2 against

activities involving impropriety or the appearance of

impropriety and the prohibition in Section 2B against the

misuse of the prestige of judicial office. In addition, a judge

must maintain high standards of conduct in all of the judge’s

activities, as set forth in Canon 1.

Under Section 4D(1)(b), a judge may enter into financial or

business dealings with a lawyer who is a relative or close

friend whose appearance or interest in a case would in any

event require the judge’s disqualification under Section 3E.

(2) Judge as Investor. A judge may hold and manage

investments of the judge and members of the judge’s family,*

including real estate. In addition, a judge may participate as a

passive investor in any business. For purposes of this Section,

“passive investor” means that the judge is not a director,

officer, manager, partner (except a limited partner in a limited

partnership), advisor, employee, or controlling shareholder of

the business.

Commentary.—See Time for Compliance, Section 6E. For

active investments and other business interests, see Section

4D(3).

(3) A judge may actively engage in business or other

remunerative activity, as long as the judge would not expect

the business or remunerative activity to:

(a) involve the judge or the judge’s business associates

in lobbying legislative or regulatory bodies within Alaska, or

(b) involve the judge or the judge’s business associates

in frequent appearances in front of legislative or regulatory

bodies within Alaska, or

(c) ‡ ◊ have a major effect on the economic life of the

community in which the judge serves. A business has a “major

effect on the economic life of the community” when it employs

more than five percent of the local work-force, when it

provides essential financial services (for example, banking or

insurance) or essential utilities (for example, electricity, oil,

gas, sewage treatment) to the community, or when it is the sole

provider of an essential good or service within the community.

Commentary.—See Time for Compliance, Section 6E.

(4) ‡ A judge shall manage investments and business and

other financial interests to minimize the number of cases in

which the judge is disqualified. As soon as the judge can do so

without serious financial detriment, the judge shall divest

himself or herself of investments and business and other

financial interests that might require frequent disqualification.

(5) A judge shall not accept, and shall urge members of

the judge’s family* residing in the judge’s household not to

accept a gift, bequest, favor, or loan from anyone, except for:

Commentary.—Section 4D(5) does not apply to contributions

to a judge’s campaign for judicial office, a matter governed by

Canon 5.

Because a gift, bequest, favor, or loan to a member of the

judge’s family residing in the judge’s household might be

viewed as intended to influence the judge, a judge must inform

those family members of the relevant ethical constraints upon

the judge in this regard and discourage those family members

from violating them. A judge cannot, however, reasonably be

expected to know or control all of the financial or business

activities of all family members residing in the judge’s

household.

(a) a gift incident to a public testimonial, or books, tapes,

and other resource materials supplied by publishers on a

complimentary basis for official use, or an invitation to the

judge and the judge’s spouse* or guest to attend a bar-related

function or an activity devoted to the improvement of the law,*

the legal system, or the administration of justice;

Commentary.—Acceptance of an invitation to a law-related

function is governed by Section 4D(5)(a); acceptance of an

invitation paid for by an individual lawyer or group of lawyers

is governed by Section 4D(5)(h).

A judge may accept a public testimonial or a gift incident

thereto only if the donor organization is not an organization

whose members comprise or frequently represent the same side

in litigation, and the testimonial and gift are otherwise in

compliance with other provisions of this Code. See Sections

4A(1) and 2B.

(b) a gift, award, or benefit incident to the business,

profession, or other separate activity of a spouse* or other

family member* residing in the judge’s household, including

gifts, awards, and benefits for the use of both the spouse or

other family member and the judge (as spouse or family

member), provided that the gift, award, or benefit could not

reasonably be perceived as intended to influence the judge in

the performance of judicial duties;*

(c) ordinary social hospitality;

(d) a gift from a relative or friend for a special occasion

such as a wedding, anniversary, or birthday, if the gift is fairly

commensurate with the occasion and the relationship;

Commentary.—A gift of excessive value to a judge or to a

member of the judge’s family living in the judge’s household

raises questions about the judge’s impartiality and the integrity of the judicial office and might require disqualification of the judge when disqualification would not

otherwise be required. See, however, Section 4D(5)(e).

(e) a gift, bequest, favor, or loan from a relative or close

personal friend whose appearance or interest in a case would in

any event require the judge’s disqualification under Section

3E;

(f) a loan from a lending institution in its regular course

of business on the same terms generally available to persons

who are not judges;

(g) a scholarship or fellowship awarded on the same

terms and based on the same criteria applied to other

applicants; or

(h) any other gift, bequest, favor, or loan, but only if the

donor is not a person who has come or is likely to come before

the judge, and if the person’s interests have not come and are

unlikely to come before the judge. If the value of the gift,

bequest, favor, or loan exceeds $250.00, or if the cumulative

value of more than one gift, bequest, favor, or loan received

from a single donor in a calendar year exceeds $250, the judge

shall report the gift, bequest, favor, or loan in the same manner

as the judge reports compensation under Section 4H.

Commentary.—Section

4D(5)(h)

prohibits judges from

accepting gifts, favors, bequests, or loans from lawyers or their

firms if they have come or are likely to come before the judge;

it also prohibits gifts, favors, bequests, or loans from clients of

lawyers or their firms when the clients’ interests have come or

are likely to come before the judge.

E. Fiduciary Activities.

(1) ‡ ◊ A judge shall not serve as executor, administrator,

or other personal representative, trustee, guardian, attorney in

fact, or other fiduciary* except on behalf of the estate, trust, or

person of a member of the judge’s family,* and then only if

such service will not interfere with the proper performance of

the judge’s judicial duties.*

(2) ‡ A judge shall not serve as a fiduciary* if it is likely

that the judge, in his or her fiduciary capacity, will be engaged

in proceedings that would ordinarily come before the judge or

if the estate, trust, or ward becomes involved in adversary

proceedings in the court on which the judge serves or a court

under its appellate jurisdiction.

(3) ■ The same restrictions on financial activities that

apply to a judge personally also apply to the judge while acting

in a fiduciary* capacity.

Commentary.—See Time for Compliance, Section 6E. The

restrictions imposed by Canon 4 may conflict with the judge’s

obligation as a fiduciary. For example, a judge should resign

as trustee if, by virtue of Sections 4D(4) and 4E(3), the judge

would be obliged to sell or trade trust assets to the detriment of

the trust.

F. ‡ Service as Arbitrator or Mediator. A judge shall

not act as an arbitrator or mediator or otherwise perform

judicial functions in a private capacity unless expressly

authorized by law.*

Commentary.—Section 4F does not prohibit a judge from participating in arbitration, mediation, or settlement conferences performed as part of judicial duties. A senior

judge may act as a private arbitrator or mediator subject to

Administrative Rule 23(f), which states:

(f) Private Arbitration and Mediation. If a retired judge acts

as a private arbitrator or mediator, the judge must comply

with the following rules to remain eligible for pro tempore

appointment:

(1) The judge shall refrain from soliciting or accepting

employment as an arbitrator or mediator from a lawyer or

party who is currently appearing in a case assigned to the

judge.

(2) The judge shall disqualify himself or herself from

sitting as a pro tem judge in a case if the judge has previously

served as an arbitrator or mediator in the same matter. This

disqualification may be waived under Section 3F of the Code

of Judicial Conduct.

(3) The judge shall disqualify himself or herself from

sitting as a pro tem judge in a case if the judge is currently

serving or scheduled to serve as an arbitrator or mediator for

a lawyer or party in the case. This disqualification may be

waived under Section 3F of the Code of Judicial Conduct.

(4) If within two years prior to the filing of a case

assigned to a pro tem judge the judge has served as an

arbitrator or mediator for a lawyer or party in that case, the

judge shall disclose that fact on the record and disqualify

himself or herself from sitting as a pro tem judge in that case.

Disclosure must be made under this paragraph regardless of

the amount of compensation that the judge received from the

arbitration or mediation. This disqualification may be waived

under Section 3F of the Code of Judicial Conduct.

(5) The judge shall refrain from accepting employment

as an arbitrator or mediator from a lawyer or party who has

appeared in a case assigned to the judge within the last six

months.

G. ◊ Practice of Law. A judge shall not practice law.

Notwithstanding this prohibition, a judge may act pro se and

may, without compensation, give legal advice to and draft or

review documents for a member of the judge’s family.*

Commentary.—This prohibition refers to the practice of law

in a representative capacity and not in a pro se capacity. A

judge may act for himself or herself in all legal matters,

including matters involving litigation and matters involving

appearances before or other dealings with legislative and

other governmental bodies. However, in so doing, a judge must

not abuse the prestige of office to advance the interests of the

judge or the judge’s family. See Section 2B.

The Code allows a judge to give legal advice to and draft legal

documents for members of the judge’s family, provided the

judge receives no compensation. A judge must not, however,

act as an advocate or negotiator for a member of the judge’s

family in a legal matter.

Even though Section 4G does not apply to part-time

magistrates and deputy magistrates, Administrative Rule 2

prohibits employees of the Alaska Court System from engaging

directly or indirectly in the practice of law in any of the courts

of the state.

H. Compensation, Reimbursement, and Reporting.

(1) Compensation and Reimbursement Defined.

(a) “Compensation” is income received by the judge for

personal services or from business activities. It does not

include income from a business or property that the judge does

not actively manage.

(b) “Reimbursement” is money paid to defray a judge’s

expenses or any credit or discount given to reduce these

expenses. Expense reimbursement other than government-

approved per diem shall be limited to the actual cost of travel,

food, and lodging reasonably incurred by the judge and, when

appropriate to the occasion, the judge’s spouse* or guest. Any

payment, credit, or discount in excess of these limits is

compensation.

(2) Limits on Compensation and Reimbursement. A

judge may receive compensation and reimbursement of

expenses for the extra-judicial activities permitted by this Code

if the source of these payments does not give the appearance of

influencing the judge’s performance of judicial duties* or

otherwise give the appearance of impropriety. Compensation

shall not exceed a reasonable amount nor shall it exceed what a

person who is not a judge would receive for the same activity.

(3)

Public Reports of Compensation. At least once a year

a judge shall report the date, place, and nature of any extra-judicial activity for which the judge received compensation,

the name of the payor, and the amount of compensation

received. If the judge is a retired justice or judge serving pro

tempore who receives compensation for private arbitration or

mediation services, it is sufficient for the judge to file a copy

of Schedule A of the Public Official Financial Disclosure

Statement that the justice or judge files with the Alaska Public

Offices Commission. Compensation or income of a spouse*

that is attributed to the judge by operation of a community

property law is not extra-judicial compensation to the judge for

purposes of this Code. The judge’s report shall be submitted at

the times and in the form prescribed by the Administrator

Director of the Alaska Court System. The report shall be filed

as a public document in the office of the Administrative

Director.

Commentary.—See Section 4D(5) regarding reporting of gifts,

bequests, and loans.

Section 4H is divided into three Sections. Section 1 contains the definitions of the terms “compensation”

and

“reimbursement.” Section 2 prescribes the limits on

compensation and reimbursement permitted by the Code for

extra-judicial activities. Section 3 requires a judge to report

compensation (not reimbursement) at least annually.

Section 4H(1)(a) defines “compensation.” In general terms,

this definition is intended to cover “earned income” - that is,

salary, wages, professional fees, tips, and any other income

generated by the judge’s personal efforts. Compensation does

not include income generated by a judge’s investments or by

partnerships or businesses in which the judge is a passive

participant (a limited partner, for example).

Section 4H(1)(b) defines “reimbursement” of expenses. The

first sentence gives the general definition of reimbursement:

any money, credit, or discount that defrays or reduces a

judge’s expenses. Reimbursement in the form of government

per diem can exceed actual expenses and still not be classified

as “compensation.”

Section 4H(3) requires a judge to report any extra-judicial

activity for which the judge received compensation. The

second sentence applies to retired justices and judges who are

serving in a pro tempore capacity. If that judge acts as a

private arbitrator or mediator, the judge may comply with this

section by filing a copy of Schedule A of the Public Official

Financial Disclosure Statement that the judge files with the

Alaska Public Offices Commission. That statement lists the

names of self-employment businesses and the names of each

client who paid the business over $5000. The judge is not

required to individually name every client of the business, or to

list the amounts received from each client. The judge is

nonetheless required, under Administrative Rule 23, to

disclose on the record if, within the two years prior to the

filing of the assigned case, the judge has served as an

arbitrator or mediator for a lawyer or a party in a case; the

judge is also required to disqualify himself or herself from

sitting pro tem in that case, unless the disqualification is

waived.

This Code does not prohibit a judge from accepting honoraria

or speaking fees provided that the compensation is reasonable

and commensurate with the task performed. A judge should

ensure, however, that no conflicts are created by the

arrangement. A judge must not appear to use his or her

judicial position for personal advantage. Nor should a judge

spend significant time away from court duties to meet speaking

or writing commitments for compensation. In addition, the

source of the payment must not raise any question of undue

influence or the judge’s ability or willingness to be impartial.

I.

■ Disclosure of a judge’s income, debts, and

investments and other assets is required only to the extent

specified in this Canon and in Sections 3E and 3F, or as

otherwise required by law.*

Commentary.—Section 3E requires a judge to disqualify

himself or herself in any proceeding in which the judge has an

economic interest. See “economic interest” as explained in the

Terminology Section. Section 4D requires a judge to refrain

from engaging in business and from financial activities that

might interfere with the impartial performance of judicial

duties. Section 4H requires a judge to report all compensation

the judge received for activities outside judicial office. A

judge’s financial affairs are private except to the extent

disclosure is required by law.